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Action of 18 October 1806
The Action of 18 October 1806 was a minor naval engagement during the Napoleonic Wars, fought between the British Royal Navy frigate HMS ''Caroline'' and a Dutch squadron at the entrance to Batavia harbour on Java in the Dutch East Indies. During the battle the Dutch frigate ''Maria Riggersbergen'' was left unsupported by the remainder of the squadron and, isolated, was forced to surrender.(A ) Captain Peter Rainier, the British commander, was subsequently free to remove his prize from within sight of the Dutch port when the remainder of the Dutch squadron refused to engage ''Caroline'' and their crews deliberately grounded the ships to avoid capture. He also returned many prisoners taken previously in a captured brig.
The action, and that of with the earlier Action of 26 July 1806, demonstrated the weakness of the Dutch squadron in the East Indies and convinced Rear-Admiral Sir Edward Pellew to lead an operation against Batavia to eliminate the remainder of the Dutch squadron in November 1806. This second raid was only partially successful, and was followed a year later by a raid on the harbour of Griessie, in which the last Dutch warships in the East were eliminated.
==Background==
By 1806, the French squadron under Rear-Admiral Charles Linois departed for the Atlantic Ocean and a British expeditionary force captured the Cape of Good Hope.〔 Rear-Admiral Sir Edward Pellew, commander of the British Royal Navy in the eastern half of the Indian Ocean at Madras in British India in the eastern half of the Indian Ocean was now able to concentrate on a major threat to British shipping in the region; the Dutch squadron based in the Dutch East Indies, specifically on Java at the port of Batavia.〔
The Dutch squadron, which consisted of a number of old ships of the line, three frigates and a number of smaller warships, was primarily an anti-piracy force. However, their presence so close to the Straits of Malacca, a major British trade route, was of concern to Pellew, particularly following the Battle of Pulo Aura in 1804, when Linois's squadron intercepted a vital British convoy in the Strait, using Batavia both as a base to launch the operation and repair damage afterwards.〔Clowes, p. 336〕 Determined to eliminate the Dutch squadron, Pellew despatched frigates to the region in the spring of 1806, under orders to disrupt trade and reconnoitre the Dutch harbours and bases. In July 1806, the frigate HMS ''Greyhound'' cruised the Molucca Islands, and captured a Dutch frigate and convoy at the Action of 26 July 1806 off Celebes, encouraging further expeditions.〔James, p. 252〕 In October 1806, a second frigate, the 36-gun HMS ''Caroline'' under Captain Peter Rainier (nephew of Admiral Peter Rainier whom Pellew had replaced), cruised in the Java Sea. ''Caroline'' had a successful start to the operation, discovering that the Dutch ships of the line had left Batavia harbour and sailed eastwards.〔 He had also captured a number of Dutch ships so that by mid-October 57 of Rainier's crew, more than a fifth, were aboard prizes on the journey back to India, leaving ''Caroline'' with just 204 men and a large number of prisoners carried below decks.〔Henderson, p. 79〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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